Highlight - The highlight is location(s) of lighter value on the subject where light is hitting with greatest intensity.
Midtone - The midtone is the location of middle value on the subject. Typically, the midtone reflects the local color of the subject. Core Shadow - The core shadow is the location(s) of darkest value on the subject. This shadow is found on the subject opposite from the dominant light source. Reflected Highlight - A reflected highlight is the result of light hitting the surface or surrounding objects and bouncing back onto the subject within or near the location of core shadow. Cast Shadow - Cast shadows are produced on a surface or surrounding objects when light is prevented from hitting those surfaces because the subject is blocking the light.
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Going through basic lighting terms Color Constancy Colors constancy refers to our ability to recognize colors as that color regardless of the light, shadows, or forms it comes in. If you look at example A compare to B you can tell which colors they are. B is red and A is some type of green When you separate them from everything it appears to be another color because it is no longer part of that palette and lighting. This is not illusion this is basic color theory and lighting. Colors do change depending on the lighting they reflect. Colors constancy is the reason why we can't detect that A and B are not the colors we think they are. If you take any image with different lighting than you are used to looking at and color picked it you would be surprised by the colors and how they present themselves. If you go and color picked B, was it the color you see it as with that palette? Probably not. Transmitted LightWhen the sunlight travels through non-solid material and creates a stained glass affect so the light becomes richly colored. Subsurface ScatteringLight enter the skin or any translucent material and spreads out beneath the surface. This creating a glow which affects forms with depth and volume. You can see this with ears, fruit, and even a glass of milk. Specular ReflectionsForm with shiny surface that is similar to a mirror or something that is highly reflective. Reflecting everything around it that faces it. HighlightsSpecular reflections of light source on surfaces usually due to surface either being shiny or wet. Skin and hair are most thought of when it comes to highlights.
When we look at this image above we notice few things about this image. Well we know it is not the sun because the sun is not hitting these areas, but a darker version of white is grey? Then why is it not grey? Perhaps it has to do with the white being light blue so the light not being touched by sunlight by default is darker blue. Shadows reflect the other weaker sources of light. They do not exist merely to be a darker version of the object in only merely value. Shadows can expand in chroma, hue, and value and a lot of times this is the case. So why are shadows on this building are blue? The weaker source outside is the sky and the sky wraps around everything, so it influences the shadows' colors. Often times lighting comes from objects that you may not see present in the picture. The lighting still affects everything around it even if you can't see it. An easy example of this is looking at things during dusk or dawn, we know that it must mean the time of the day is changing. The sun's light is very much still in the lead but since the sky change color, we can determine that the shadows and lighting will be more hued towards sky and sun leaving or entering the horizon. What are things that related to the sun like lights or cloudy days?The shadow edges depend on two things, the material or the lighting in which they are in. This means that same object can gain soft or hard edge shadows depending on lighting.
Material on the other hand is changed by two things texture and material. Form changes how the shadows are cast, something like glass or diamonds has both. Not only does glass cup have a round base that slowly lengthens to a straight cylinder but it is glass as well. What an object is consisted of is known as "Matter." Objects' matter is made up by color, texture, and opacity. Color of the object gives off reflections and can affect the color shadows and lighting. Texture is what something is made out of which can come in any material and/or element. Only look at the textures of objects you can see, not the ones you can't. Don't confuse form with texture. Form is the shapes something is made up of while texture is material that covers the object. Lastly, opacity can change if light passes through the form or not. Opacity means the range from transparency to opaqueness. |